Due to the privacy of insurance, there are many financial and economic indicators for companies operating in the insurance industry. Hence the importance of the study through knowing the most important indicators for evaluating the financial performance of companies operating in the insurance industry and their differences from the indicators used for companies operating in other industries.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the competence, career development and public relations performance of the Sidoarjo Police. The approach used for this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive case study methods, data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews with purposive selection of informants using SWOT model analysis. The results show that by analyzing the three indicators of Competence, Career Development and Public Relations Performance of the Sidoarjo Police, the authors can conclude that the skills, soft skills and competencies of members of the Sidoarjo Police Public Relations are in accordance with the role and job description as a whole, but there are several factors that hinder in carrying out public relations duties as a whole. This can be seen from the fact that some people still do not know the information updates submitted by public relations, because the Sidoarjo Police still utilize their official social media accounts such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Youtube to the fullest to integrate services to the community. So the efforts that need to be made to improve the Sidoarjo Police, especially public relations are to increase the competence, career development needs of its members so that the performance achievements of members can be competent and maximal.

This study aims to analyze the comparative effect of profitability, liquidity, company size, and inventory turnover on firm value. Empirical studies of manufacturing companies in the food and beverage and cosmetics sub-sector and households listed on the IDX in 2016-2021. Profitability is proxied by ROE using the formula net profit divided by equity. Liquidity is proxied by CR using current assets divided by current liabilities. Company size proxied by SIZE using natural logarithm (total assets). Inventory Turnover is proxied by ITO using the formula Cost of Goods Sold divided by average inventory. And the value of the company proxied by PBV is the share price divided by the book value per share. The results of hypothesis testing simultaneously show that profitability, liquidity, firm size, and inventory turnover have a significant effect on firm value. Partially, profitability has no significant effect on the company value of the food and beverage sub-sector, while profitability has a significant and positive effect on the company value of the cosmetics and household sub-sectors. Liquidity has a significant and positive effect on firm value in the food subsector, while liquidity has no effect on firm value in the cosmetics and household subsectors. Firm size has a significant and positive effect on firm value in the food and beverage subsector, while firm size has no effect on firm value in the cosmetics and household subsectors. Inventory Turnover has no effect on firm value in the food and beverage subsector, while Inventory Turnover has a significant and positive effect on firm value in the cosmetics and household subsectors.

In 2021, sector mining experienced a growth of 7.78% yearly (YoY). The reason occurs because of exists increase in the price of commodities by a hundred percent. It is what becomes something phenomenon based on the study of this. Study this conducted with destination for knowing influence from Company Profit, Operating Cash Flow, and Book Value Equity on the price of a share company. Company Profit, Operating Cash Flow, and Book Value Equity role as variable independent, while the share price plays a role as a variable dependent. As for the population in the study, this is company mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), totaling 47 companies. At the same time, the sample used in the study consists of 9 companies whose price share tends to be stable. Study this use method analysis multiple linear regression, with the testing hypothesis in the form of t-test (partial), F-test (simultaneous), and coefficients determination. Whereas method testing data using normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. Results of the study show that company profit and book value Equity are positively and significantly influenced by Share Prices. Whereas Operating Cash Flow no had influence positive and significant on Share Prices.

Indonesia has a high level of community productivity. Where, in some corners of the rural areas still have little knowledge about the introduction of industrial digital products which in fact currently has become a necessity to always work. As people who work in rural areas, there is a gap that is less than the maximum, making sensitivity to economic progress stagnant. It is known when conducting a survey of several rural residents, that they are eager to move more actively in the diversity of business results that are produced directly by micro businesses and of course there is help from social entrepreneurs who are competent in their fields. The methodology used conceptual method, in which several social entrepreneurs can provide assistance to some business people in a sensitive movement in the field of technology. This is influenced by several supporting factors such as, knowledge, experience, and expertise possessed by local residents through the economy. As the digital economy continues, it was expected to be able to sustain the local community, and to be more active and crea-tive in developing micro businesses through the digital economic tourism industry. Where, output of the experiment is able to invite all young people, both social entrepreneurs and local communities to introduce rural areas, such as studying the environment by social media to support their product. Some of these concepts and applications, it can invite local residents, the general public, local government as well as the central government, and stakeholders to be able to work together maxi-mally, well structured, and balanced through adequate human resource needs with a youthful social community. It is hoped that this experiment can be immediately applied in increasing economic income in Indonesia.

Measuring the effectiveness of sharia banking organizations is now even more crucial due to the expanding popularity of sharia banking worldwide and in Indonesia in particular.

This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance, capital expenditure, profitability, firm size and CSR on carbon emissions disclosure. This study collects secondary data which are reported in their Annual Report and Sustainability Report from 2017-2021. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study prove that corporate governance variable has a negative effect on carbon emissions disclosure. However, four other independent variables, namely capital expenditure, profitability, firm size and CSR have positive effects on carbon emissions disclosure.

The textile sector in Mexico is crucial for the economy at the national level, it is in the tenth position among the most important manufacturing economic activities in our country, generating industrial growth because it has a link with other productive industries such as the automotive, aeronautical, furniture, among others in accordance with INEGI 2020. This branch is essential due to being a source of employment and economic growth, for this reason it is necessary to examine the aptitude with which managers refer to face the complex conditions in the environment, it is necessary to take into account research on SMEs that allow knowing the characteristics and development of these, through the measurement of management skills in order to have indicators that make it possible to make decisions to support the entrepreneurial culture of the country. Therefore, this research aims to characterize the relationship between managerial competencies as a strategic factor in organizational performance in small and medium-sized companies in the textile sector in the manufacture of wide fabrics and weft fabrics in the state of Tlaxcala to design improvement strategies. The indicators that were taken were leadership, communication, strategic action, development of people, administrative processes, and results orientation for management competencies and in the case of organizational performance, financial performance, business performance and organizational effectiveness were taken as indicators. This study is oriented to a sample of 12 SMEs located in the municipalities of; Santa, Apetatitlán, Contla, Tetla, Ixtacuixtla, San Marcos, Panotla, Zacatelco, Hueyotlipan y Panzacola. A questionnaire on managerial competencies was applied to human resources managers who had a similar rank, to find out how they perceive the managerial competencies of senior managers within the organization and the second questionnaire on organizational performance was applied to the managers of the sector under study. Where it is required that the subjects have information on the subject under study, being only owners, directors, or managers of the companies. The questionnaires have been validated by Psico Consult A.C., SERVIR in the case of management competencies, in the case of organizational performance by Vasconcelos (2017) and a pilot test. The results were able to determine that there is a moderate positive correlation, but the most critical variables must be considered: effective communication and people development, which shows that companies in the textile sector prevail orientation towards results and administrative processes.

This research is an event study that aims to analyze the reaction of the capital market to the announcement of the Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Jawa-Bali (PPKM Jawa Bali) based on abnormal returns and trading volume activity. The data in this study are secondary data with quantitative data types. The population in this study includes 28 Food and Beverage companies listed on the IDX with the window period taken in the study being 5 days before and after the PPKM Jawa Bali Policy Announcement. In the statistical test analysis, this study used a paired sample t-test difference test because the prerequisites for the different tests, namely the data in the study were normally distributed, were met. The results of the paired sample t-test analysis significantly was not found to be different in Average Abnormal Return (AAR) and Average Trading Volume Activity (ATVA) before and after the PPKM Jawa Bali Policy Announcement event, was not found of differences in the study, which give us a conclusion that the PPKM Jawa-Bali Policy Announcement event did not have a certain information content so that the capital market did not react to the policy.

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in socio-economic growth of a country and is a major concern to both scholars and policy makers. Within entrepreneurial ecosystem, women entrepreneurs are also regarded as new growth engine of socio-economic development. Women historically have little access to traditional forms of business ventures. But these days, womens entrepreneurship has been spoken everywhere in each part of the world. In relation to the phenomenon, it is necessary to identify the factors that motivate women into entrepreneurship. This study aims to explore the factors that influence womens participation in entrepreneurship activities. Using a qualitative method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. The discussions addressed various factors affecting the involvement of these women in their business activities. Research results show that there are five factors affecting the active participation of informants in startup activities; (1) Familys support, (2) Environmental Effect, (3) Increase the Income Level of the Family, (4) Family Heritage Business and Exposure, and (5) Self-Independence. The findings of this study can be used as an inspiration to increase the number of female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. In addition, it can also be used as a reference to motivate women to become entrepreneurs.

This research aims to analyze the effect of service quality, price fairness, and corporate image on customer retention of low-cost carrier airlines mediated by customer satisfaction. The research was conducted by quantitative research and testing hypothesis with a purposive sample of low-cost airline passengers. A Google form was used to collect 203 responses, which were then analyzed using the Partial Least Square method of the Structural Equation Model from the Statistical Package for Social Science. The results of the study found that the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable was as follows: Service quality to customers retention has no effect; Price fairness on customer retention has no effect; Corporate image on customer retention has no effect; customer satisfaction on customer retention has an effect. In addition, service quality, price fairness, and corporate image have effect on customer satisfaction. For the indirect hypothesis, service quality, price fairness, and corporate image influence on customer retention mediated by customer satisfaction were accepted. The research concluded that there are 3 hypothesis that have no effect and 7 hypothesis that have an effect consisting of 4 direct effects and 3 indirect effects. The implication of this research, there is the important rule of customer satisfaction as a mediating variable from service quality, price fairness, and corporate image to customer retention of low-cost carrier airlines. The placement of customer satisfaction as a full mediation variable on the research model became a Novelty in this study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of customer experience, information quality, and service innovation on repurchase intention mediated by trust in conventional taxi customers in Jakarta. Trust as mediation aims to strengthen repurchase intention to increase the desire to repurchase conventional taxi services in Jakarta. In this study, a quantitative research method was used, and the hypothesis testing of the population used in this study was conventional taxi users registered at Soekarno Hatta airport in 2021. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique and 347 respondents who were conventional taxi customers. Data analysis used software Amos version 26 with the support of multivariate analysis method structural equation model version 8.80 in hypothesis testing. The findings of this study are the direct effect of service innovation on repurchase intention is not supported. Meanwhile, the hypothesis of service innovation in forming repurchase intention is also not supported because conventional taxis already have a certain market, namely, customers aged between 40 to 55 years and are comfortable with the experience of using these conventional taxis. On the other site, another six-hypothesis direct effect are supported, and 2 indirect effects are also supported. The implications of the results of this study are for conventional taxi companies to maintain and further improve excellent service quality, especially for conventional taxi customers in Jakarta who have experienced a customer experience with convenient, flexible, and fast service.

This study aims to examine a model that evaluates the relationship between the moment of truth and service quality on loyalty through customer satisfaction. This research was conducted at a freight forwarding company, namely JNE Express, Bekasi City, West Java Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted from June to September 2022. The population in this study are customers who have used JNE Express services for an unknown number. This study used a simple random sampling technique and for the sample, 105 respondents participated. The data analysis uses the SEM-PLS technique. The results of this study are that there is a positive relationship between the moment of truth and customer satisfaction, where when the customer is using the delivery service for the first time and has a good impression on the company s services, it can affect perceptions about the ability and use of these services from time to time. The experience of using the service can change the priorities that underlie each customer s main reason. There is a positive influence between Service Quality on customer satisfaction, where when the delivery service company provides maximum service quality, customers will feel and will reuse their services and can even make these customers more loyal to the company. There is a positive influence between customer satisfaction on loyalty, the moment of truth has a positive influence on customer loyalty and service quality has a positive influence on customer loyalty.

This study aims to examine the effect of the work environment, rewards and work culture on work motivation and job satisfaction as intervening variables in Indonesian Go-Jek drivers. This study uses a quantitative method with sampling aimed at Indonesian Go-Jek drivers, especially two-wheeled vehicles with a total sample of 96 respondents. Data collection uses a questionnaire to be filled in by the respondents. After that, instrument tests were carried out in the form of validity tests and reliability tests, along with data analysis with the PLS test to find out the hypothesis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the effect of reward and work culture has no significant effect on motivation and job satisfaction, but there is a significant effect of the work environment on work motivation and job satisfaction on work motivation. As well as suggestions for future researchers should use other variables, namely workload and leadership.

This study aims to examine the effect of workload, authoritarian leadership and career burnout on work loyalty and employee performance at PT Doran Sukses Indonesia, which has recently experienced an increase in employee turnover. This is caused by several factors, which include a lot of workloads, the leadership style applied to subordinates tends to be authoritarian, and there is no guarantee for reciprocal career paths. Workload indicators are measured through working conditions, use of working time, and targets. Authoritarian leadership is measured through centralized decisions, detailed assignments, leader subjectivity, opinion only, lip service, and close supervision. Career burnout is measured through emotional exhaustion, being stuck at work, feeling unsatisfied, failing, and loathing at work. Work loyalty is measured through obedience, responsibility, dedication and integrity. Employee performance is measured by the quality and quantity of work, timeliness, effectiveness, and independence. This type of research is quantitative research. The sample of this research is 128 respondents which is the entire population of employees of PT. Indonesian Success Doran. The data analysis method used is SEM analysis using the AMOS program version 23.0.1. The validity and reliability tests were processed using SPSS, and showed good validity and met the reliability requirements. The results of the data analysis showed that workload, authoritarian leadership, and career burnout had a negative and significant effect on work loyalty. The three dependent variables also have a negative and significant effect on employee performance. Work loyalty has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The researcher s suggestion for the object of research is that it is better to make adjustments and balance the workload of employees.

This research aims to find out the constraints that can affect the financial performance of insurance service companies in the ASEAN region that are currently running. Insurance companies operating in the ASEAN Region can use the research results. This research can be used as a basis for making a policy related to information on net premium growth, claims ratio, risk-based capital, and retention ratio. This study uses the research object of insurance companies in the ASEAN region. Insurance companies are overgrowing. This issue happened because Southeast Asia is one of the regions with the fastest development globally over the last 10 years. The use of insurance services in the Southeast Asia Region reached 3.77%. This percentage reflects that half of the use of services in the Southeast Asia Region represents half the use of insurance globally. The population in this study is Insurance Service Companies in the ASEAN Region. In contrast, the sample in this study is Insurance Service Companies in the ASEAN Region that are listed on the Stock Exchange in each country in the 2017-2019 period. Partially, net premium growth has a positive effect on financial performance, and claim ratios, risk-based capital, and retention ratios do not affect financial performance.

The research aims to determine the model of leadership and motivation simultaneously on the performance of employees of the South Sulawesi Regional Development Planning Research and Development Agency. The population in this study was 186 employees of the Regional Development Planning Research and Development Agency of South Sulawesi Province and the total of samples used was 65 respondents. Data collection was carried out using the method of observation, documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis, multiple correlation coefficient analysis, and determination coefficient analysis using the IMB statistical program for product and service solution (SPSS) version 20. The results of this study indicate that the two independent variables are leadership models (X1) and motivation (X2). Both have an independent or partial relationship or influence and a joint or simultaneous relationship to the dependent variable, namely performance (Y).

Seen as an essential element of economic development, corporate governance has been at the center of the debate since the 1990s. Its crucial interest for the good functioning of financial markets is strongly mentioned. Over the last two decades, the motivations for opting for good corporate governance have been diverse and varied: the Cadbury report, the OECD reports, the reflections of the Basel Committee, the adoption of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (or SOX) in 2002 in the United States, the work on "corporate social responsibility". Indeed, governance is one of the main elements to be established in an institution because it is supposed to guarantee and promote the principles of equity, transparency and responsibility in the Islamic banking sector. Unlike the conventional banking approach, the vision of the Islamic banking sector is both: performance and sharia compliance. In fact, Islamic banking institutions are faced with several dilemmas, namely Investment account holders (IAH) are subject to the same risks as shareholders, but do not have the same governance rights as shareholders. Furthermore, an analysis of the measures proposed by the IFSB to remedy this situation concludes that the degree required to protect the interests of IAHs has not yet been achieved, to the detriment of all the recommendations and practices put in place. The purpose of this paper is to highlight, on the one hand, the specificity of corporate governance from an Islamic perspective as system in which an Islamic bank is run by Shariah directors and board. This is what the researchers called "dual governance".

The aim of this study Purpose review about the role of social capital on the use of Management information systems and their impact on the business continuity of Institution Credit and for test the Model Acceptance of Technology on Social Capital and Credit Institution Business Continuity. The research was conducted at 1,200 Credit Institutions in Indonesia with a sample of 100 Credit Institutions spread across In Indonesia. The research method used to answer the research objectives uses a quantitative test with the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results of the study show that the application of Social Capital has an effect on the implementation of Management Information Systems and the business continuity of Credit Institutions. The application of the Management information system is a mediating variable for the relationship between social capital and the business continuity of Credit Institutions. The research results are in line with the TAM theory which explains that someone wants to use information technology because they consider the management information system that is applied to be useful and easy to use in completing work.

Investors find it very appealing to invest in the form of shares for State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) because these businesses have capital that is entirely or largely owned by the government. Not affected by the Covid-19 pandemic shock, investors think that the price of BUMN shares in the infrastructure sector offers excellent corporate value. The Covid-19 pandemic has slowed Indonesia s economic expansion, since February 2020. It should be remembered that many businesses have experienced negative corporate profitability at some point. With financial risk and profitability acting as intermediary variables, this study seeks to determine the degree to which the independent variables of investment decisions, funding decisions, and macroeconomics influence the dependent variable, namely company value. This quantitative study employs a census sampling technique at seven state-owned infrastructure companies from 2014 to 2021. This study employs SEM analysis (Structural Equation Modeling) based on components or variants, namely Partial Least Squares (PLS), with the help of Smart PLS 4.0 software. The study s findings indicate that macroeconomics has no direct and significant impact on financial risk. It does, however, have a significant impact on profitability and company value. Financial risk and profitability are unaffected by investment decisions. It does, however, have a significant impact on company value. Funding decisions have no direct influence on company value. It does, however, have a significant impact on financial risk and profitability. Financial risk has no direct influence on company value. Profitability has no direct influence on company value. For the indirect relationship between the financial risk and profitability variables, it does not mediate the x versus y variables.

The purpose of this study is to determine of the effect of leverage, liquidity and firm size on firm value with earning management as intervening variable and good corporate governance as moderating variable in the property, real estate and building construction sectors that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021. The quantitative research method is Causal Explanatory with the unit of analysis as many as 57 property, real estate and building construction companies during research period so that a total of 228 samples were processed using SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that 6 hypotheses were rejected, meaning that there was non-significant effect partially leverage, liquidity and firm size on firm value. Earning management does not mediate the influence of leverage, liquidity and firm size on firm value. Meanwhile, GCG is proven to moderate the influence of leverage and firm size on firm value, while one hypothesis, namely H8, is rejected. This means that GCG does not moderate the influence of liquidity on firm value. This research only done in the property, real estate and building construction on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021.

This research was conducted at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Tulungagung using an accidental sampling technique with 112 respondents. The analytical method used is path analysis and partial test analysis. The study results show that service quality does not affect the decision to choose Islamic banking products. Service quality has a significant effect on public interest and interest and has a significant effect on the decision to choose Islamic banking products. From the results of this study, service quality is very useful for increasing public interest in choosing a mediator at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Tulungagung optimally.

The aim of this research is to ascertain how religion functions as a moderating factor on the relationship between workload and competence and teacher job satisfaction. This is quantitative research using a likert scale for the measurement. This research uses saturated sampling technique which means the entire existing population used, namely 137 teachers consisting of elementary, middle, and high school teachers. The data collection technique uses questionnaires that are distributed directly to research subjects. Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method was used for analysing data and examining hypothesis. The findings of this research concluded that workload positively influences job satisfaction, competence positively influences job satisfaction, religiosity does not increase or reduce the effect of workload and competence on Job Satisfaction

The aims of this research is to examine and analyze the effect of Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size and Related Party Transactions on Tax Avoidance with Earnings Management as a moderating variable. The population in this study were food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 – 2021. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling so that a total of 188 research samples were used in this study. The data analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression and moderated regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that Leverage and Related Party Transactions have a significant positive effect on Tax Avoidance, Firm Size has a significant negative effect on Tax Avoidance, and Profitability has no effect on Tax Avoidance. Earnings Management as a moderating variable is able to moderate the effect of Profitability, Firm Size, and Related Party Transactions on Tax Avoidance. However, Earnings Management cannot moderate the effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance

The consumers in the Indian society are vastly influenced by religion, societal values, belief system, and rootedness in the core tradition. These core values are strongly embedded in their sub conscious mind and sub-culture. Keeping in mind of the need of each set of customers, several FMCG brands are cautious about launching of their brands in India. The cosmetics and personal care industry is one of the fastest growing consumer products sectors in India. The buying behaviour of the consumers is greatly influenced by the culture and its apparent homogeneity of preferences. Not many studies were undertaken by the researchers on the influence of cultural values and its impact of the consumer preferences and behaviour in India. The aims and objectives of the present study are to determine the importance of the cultural values that contribute, shape the consumer behaviour in the Indian context for the select brands of toothpaste and body soap.

With the existence of internet technology and wireless telecommunication networks, it is easier for humans to connect. The generation that is most exposed to changes in information is the Z generation. Generation Z or Gen Z or also known as iGeneration, the net generation or the internet generation are the generations born between 1996 and 2012. Todays lifestyle has become an individual and group identity. Peoples interest in various goods is influenced by their lifestyle and the goods they buy reflect that lifestyle. This type of research uses quantitative research. The population in this study is generation Z in Surabaya. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling using the Lameshow formula. This study uses sem analysis (structural equation modelling) based on components or variants, namely partial least squares (pls), using smart pls 3.0 software which consists of an inner model and an outer model. Financial literacy has a significant effect on lifestyle with the support of negative influence directions. Consumptive behavior does not moderate financial literacy towards the lifestyle of the Z generation with negative direction support. Consumptive behavior significantly moderates the effect of financial management on the lifestyle of the Z generation with the support of positive influence direction. Consumptive behavior does not moderate the economic status of lifestyle with the support of negative influences. Financial management has a significant effect on lifestyle with the support of negative influence directions. Economic status has a significant effect on lifestyle with the support of positive or unidirectional influence.

The fiscal policy is one of the important economic policy used by the state, as it seeks through its tools to achieve economic and social goals, thus satisfying public needs, achieving economic growth and stability, and creating a balance between the public and private sectors, in addition to that, it plays an effective role in reducing inflation and unemployment rates and achieving full employment. As for the private sector, it has the capabilities and characteristics that qualify it to work in many fields, as it works to provide and build a free economy and contribute to the elimination of unemployment and the provision of job opportunities

The aim of this research was to study the growth – failure of SMEs in Lusaka central and Mwembeshi Business Areas, particularly looking at their growth-failure rate, their sustainability, and the bottlenecks to their growth. The research was conducted with 3 specific objectives; to establish the rate of growth-failure among SMEs in Lusaka Central and Mwembeshi Business Areas; to establish the sustainability of SMEs in Lusaka Central and Mwembeshi Business Areas; to determine bottlenecks to the growth of SMEs in Lusaka Central and Mwembeshi Business Areas. A cross-sectional study design and the purposive sampling method were used on a population of 2,906,000 in Lusaka with about 102,000 active SMEs. A sample size of 196 was selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The primary data was collected from all the targeted 196 respondents, using structured questionnaires with both open and closed-ended questions. The research established that 70.4% of SMEs in the Lusaka Central and Mwembeshi Business Areas were either failing or static in their business operations. To which the study recommended that the government and co-operating partners create an environment where SMEs thrived. It was also established that only 29.6% of the respondents were found to have managed to sustain their businesses since they started. The study also recommended for the creation of an environment that allows SMEs to grow, because growth is evidence of sustainability. Bottlenecks to SMEs growth were also identified with the main one being a lack of entrepreneurial training. The study recommended for the introduction of entrepreneurial training in schools, with the hope that this will help SMEs to be sustainable and lower the high failure rate of SMEs in Zambia.

This study compared trading volume activity before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the first large-scale social restrictions, the New Normal, and the second large-scale social restrictions at LQ Companies. It also examined differences in stock prices, stock returns, the Composite Stock Price Index, market returns, and trading prices-45. Data analysis compares stock prices, stock returns, the Composite Stock Price Index, market returns, and stock trading volumes before and during the Covid-19 epidemic as part of this researchs event study methodology. Despite the variations in test results for each event, it is clear that the pandemic has affected stock portfolio performance on the Indonesian Capital Market. The first appearance of Covid-19 in Indonesia significantly impacted how the capital market there performed. The findings indicated that the pandemic hurt the market. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the average stock return was higher than during the pandemic. A pandemic tends to cause changes in it. The findings suggest that while waiting for the capital market to become favorable during a pandemic, investors should be more discriminating when investing in the capital market, particularly in conservative products like mutual funds.

This study was to examine and analyze the effect of liquidity, profitability, asset structure and asset growth on firm value with the capital structure variable as moderating variable. The population in this study are food & beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2021. The technique used in sampling is purposive sampling. So that a total of 34 companies were taken in the research sample. The data analysis technique used in this study uses panel data regression and MRA. The results of the analysis show that liquidity and asset growth have a significant positive effect on firm value, while profitability and asset structure have no significant effect on firm value. Capital structure as a moderating variable is able to moderate the effect of liquidity, asset structure and asset growth on firm value but unable to moderate the effect of profitability on firm value.

Currently, the GHRM Practice theory is widely used to assess performance in a company. However, in its theory, GHRM practice does not always have a positive effect on a companys performance, one of the causes being pressure from the stakeholders. Specifically in the hospitality industry currently, the Indonesian government has established requirements for environmental performance practices in hotel operational activities. This research explains the effect of stakeholder pressure on environmental performance through the mediation of GHRM practice by adding a green innovation indicator in the hospitality industry. The research method used was quantitative with a purposeful-sampling technique to reach 121 employees who work in hotels operating in the Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (Jabodetabek) area of Indonesia. The study found that green innovation has a positive effect on stakeholder pressure towards environmental performance. However, this research found that there was no effect between GHRM (green hiring, green training & involvement, and green compensation) on environmental performance in the hospitality industry. It is hoped that this research on green innovation can be implemented in the hospitality industry, creating better environmental performance and can be further developed in future research.

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of: 1) machiavellian nature on ethical decision making, 2) risk preference on ethical decision making, 3) locus of control on ethical decision making, 4) locus of control moderates machiavellian nature on ethical decision making, 5) locus of control moderates risk preference towards ethical decision making. This research was conducted at the Tax Consultant in Malang using an explanatory research approach with a census sample technique obtained as many as 91 employees. However, the data collected were 78 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire method given via google form sent directly to respondents, then analyzed using moderated multiple linear regression analysis. Before being analyzed, the classical assumption tests were carried out: heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and normality. The results show that: 1) machiavellian traits affect ethical decision making, 2) risk preferences affect ethical decision making, 3) locus of control affects ethical decision making, 4) locus of control strengthens the relationship between Machiavellian traits and ethical decision making, 5) locus of control strengthens the relationship of risk preference with ethical decision making.

In spite of the potentials of the capital market, one wonders why the Nigerian real estate developer has not resorted to the use of capital market instruments for real estate financing. In light of the potentials of these instruments in real estate development financing, the study examines the issues bordering on real estate development financing using capital market instruments. Specifically, the study was guided by the following objectives: to ascertain the challenges associated with the funding of real estate development using capital market instruments in the study area, and to determine the prospects of capital market instruments in funding real estate development in the study area. The study area was the south-eastern geopolitical zone of Nigeria. A quantitative approach was chosen for this study. The population of the study was 245 comprising real estate investors\developers, Estate Surveying and Valuation firms, Primary and Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Stock and Exchange Commission, selected Academia of Estate profession in south East, Nigeria. The primary data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed and presented using charts, Binomial test of proportion and Z-approximation test. The study found seven (7) significant challenges associated with the capital market financing of real estate development in the study area; while six (6) significant prospects of capital market funding of real estate development in the study area were found. The study recommended that policies that will impact positively on the real estate development sector of the Nigerian economy as it concerns funding should be pursued with all the seriousness it deserves; and good regulatory environment should be provide with adequate safeguard to enable investors tap into the potentials of the capital market in financing real estate development

This study aims to determine and analyze whether work life balance and self-efficacy affect employee performance with employee engagement as an intervening variable at the Department of Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises, Jember Regency. The design of this research is explanatory research. The total population in this study is 52 employees with the sample used is a saturated sample where the total population will be the sample. The data analysis method in this study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of this study indicate that: work life balance and self-efficacy affects employee engagement, work life balance and self-efficacy affects employee performance, employee engagement affects the performance of the employees.

Human resources are the main asset for organizations and agencies that are active planners and actors in various activities in the organization. This study aims to analyze the effect of individual characteristics, quality of human resources, and training effectiveness on career development and employee performance at PT Borwita Citra Prima. The object of this research is the employees of PT Borwita Citra Pima. The population in this study were all employees of PT Borwita Citra Prima, totaling 151 respondents and the number of samples. The sampling technique is a saturated sample of 151 respondents. In calculating data processing, researchers use tools to test instruments in the form of measuring reliability and validity in the form of software, namely, SPSS version 13, and for data analysis and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) hypothesis testing using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) version 22. The results showed that individual characteristics have a positive and significant effect on career development, the quality of human resources has a positive and significant effect on career development, the effectiveness of training has a positive and significant effect on career development, individual characteristics have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the quality of human resources has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the effectiveness of training has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Suggestions for further research can provide coaching and mentoring related to employee career development

This study aims to examine the influence of the quality of accounting information systems, the quality of accounting information on the success of decision-making. Research data were collected using a questionnaire. This study uses organization as a unit of analysis. A total of 95 Rural Banks in Bali, Indonesia, participated in this study. The research data were analyzed using a structural equation model with WarpPLS 8.0. The results of the study prove that the quality of the accounting information system has a significant positive effect on the success of decision-making and the quality of accounting information. The quality of accounting information has a significant positive effect on decision-making success.

As guided by the Capital Structure theory, in order to obtain external financing, SMEs may either select debt type of financing or equity type of financing. Since the typical SME cannot meet the requirements to be listed on the Lusaka Stock Exchange, Private Equity remains an attainable source of finance for SMEs who do not want to be financed with debt. This study aimed to analyse the perceptual preference of private equity as an alternative source of financing for SMEs. To meet this objective, an assessment was conducted on the preference of Private Equity to Debt finance. Further, the perception of SMEs towards private equity was explored and themes that influenced the various perception were investigated. A qualitative study was undertaken to meet the above-mentioned objectives. The study employed a grounded theory approach and interviews were used as the primary data collection tool. Fifty-five (55) SMEs who hold accounts with Zambia Industrial Commercial Bank under the Wholesale and Retail trade industrial sector were interviewed and a purposive sampling method was used. From the interviews conducted, the emerging theme was SMEs preferred private equity finance to debt finance mainly in cases where the SMEs interviewed were faced with economic uncertainty, limited collateral, intended to grow quickly, and required technical assistance. However, loss of control, lack of a legal framework and unavailability of Private Equity firms in Lusaka hindered SMEs from utilizing this type of financing. This finding is derived from SMEs preference to Private Equity over debt finance and a largely positive perception SMEs have towards Private Equity finance. Negative perceptions of Private Equity were also noted. This study, therefore, went further to analyse both the factors that influence positive and negative perceptions. These factors included technical assistance, loss of control, payment mechanisms, and duration of the financing methods. The conclusion drawn from this study is that Private Equity is preferred to debt finance because of the lack of high-interest rates and collateral requirements for Private Equity. This study also concludes that there are mainly positive attributes to private equity, though negative perceptions also exist. Loss of control, decision-making concerns, technical assistance, lack of availability of this type of finance, repayment mechanisms, and non-requirement of collateral were noted as factors that were attributed to the conflicting perceptions of SMEs towards Private Equity. Due to this situation, it is recommended that Financial Services Providers take a keen interest in this mode of financing as there is a potential market in this field. Additionally, it is recommended that researchers may focus on conducting a feasibility study to extend the mandate of firms that have been historically providing debt to also include Private Equity Finance for SMEs. Lastly, it is proposed that studies are carried out to assess the legal landscape of Private Equity in Zambia.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the quality of financial statements on firm value through investment efficiency. This type of research is explanatory with a purposive sampling technique obtained by 82 companies with 284 observations of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2020 research period. Data analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and path analysis using multiple regression. The results of the study show that the quality of financial statements has an effect on investment efficiency and firm value. investment efficiency, overinvestment, and underinvestment mediate the effect of report quality.

Human resource is the most important asset in a company because it is a resource that directs, maintains and develops the company. Company progress comes from good employee performance. Employee performance is influenced, among others, by the application of leadership style, organizational culture, management control systems and supported by the organizational commitment of employees to the company. This study aims to proof and analyze the influence of transformational leadership, organizational culture and management control systems on employee performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable. The method used is quantitative with explanatory causal research. The sampling technique used was total sampling with 243 employees of CV Makmur Jaya Abadi, Surabaya City. The data analysis technique uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results proved that (1) transformational leadership has a significant influence on employee organizational commitment, (2) transformational leadership has no significant influence on employee performance, (3) organizational culture has no significant influence on employee organizational commitment, (4) organizational culture has a significant influence on performance employees, (5) management control system has no significant influence on employee organizational commitment, (6) management control system has a significant influence on employee performance, and (7) employee organizational commitment has a significant influence on employee performance.

The paper presents the results of the research focused on the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adaptation in the service sector to the implementation of principles, processes, methods, and tools of Society 4.0. This study primarily aims to demonstrate practices and tools for the adaptation of service sector SMEs to disruptive changes brought about by the principles and technologies of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 into company processes and the society as a whole. The presented approach to research and the results should support an effective and efficient adaptation of SMEs to changes in business environment leading to sustainable growth, new competitive advantages, the prevention and elimination or reduction of threats and risks resulting from misunderstanding the necessary transformation of current and future business processes. The proposed methodology of adaptation and the potential of its application by SMEs represent an up-to-date methodical approach supporting their stability and economic growth during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The research results can be applied and adapted to specific needs and requirements of service sector SMEs not only in the Czech Republic, but also in other countries of Central Europe, namely Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary that have similar legislation for SMEs as well as similar history and trends of SMEs transformation. The presented results can also serve as the motivation and knowledge background for SMEs when identifying and evaluating opportunities and threats in the conditions of Society 4.0.

Purchasing or consumption can be said to be the main goal of consumer behavior. While purchases will occur because of the need and desire for the product. But not infrequently the purchase is not caused by a need and desire. Someone before making a purchase begins with a need and a desire (want). Buying activity is part of an effort to fulfill the urge of needs and desires. Need is a state that is felt not to exist in a person. Something that is not in a person. The experience decisionmaking perspective is carried out by consumers who have experience in understanding brands and products. For consumers, knowledge about brands and products is considered sufficient. So there is no need for a lot of information related to the use of brands and products. The influence of experience from using brands and products has an impact on the purchasing decisionmaking process. The introduction of the problem around how the experience of brand and product problems before. Information search process based on solving problems from previous purchases. Brand and product choices are based on the impact of previous experience. Consumer behavior in the purchasing decision process does not always follow a linear path in the consumption process. Linear flow in decision making starts from problem recognition, seeking information, evaluating information, purchasing, and evaluating after purchase. Because consumers have different attitudes and views on brands and products. There are several types of consumers based on consumer involvement. Consumer engagement with brands and products. Consumer involvement in assessing brand existence. It is a consumer effort to compare brands, loyalty to certain brands, even rejection of certain brands. Consumer involvement in a brand is a consumer evaluation of a brand that has been known and is being promoted by the seller.

ABSTRACT: We examine the efficiency and efficacy of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory model in explaining stock returns in the food and beverage industry. To that end, we analyze the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock returns before and during the pandemic. In this paper, we use unexpected changes in economic growth, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, and crude oil price as generating factors and find that these factors have come to explain stock returns movement. Using the generalized least square (GLS) technique, we study stocks from 19 firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange over sixteen months from 2018 to 2021. While most significant relations are negative, some are significantly positive. The significant associations suggest that the theory is supported in that estimated expected returns depend on selected generating factors. The result also shows that investors are rational because they consider these factors as systematic risks influencing their profit. Furthermore, we find that there is a difference in stock returns before and during the pandemic, with the average being greater during the pandemic. We assume that this is due to investors’ choice to seek out safe-haven assets in order to limit their exposure to losses.

Due to fixed interest and fixed income, bonds are considered excluded in the Islamic financial system. The sukuk were then designed as an alternative to these bonds, meeting the needs of all investors seeking instruments that comply with Islamic law (Shari’ah). Sukuk are considered to be the cornerstone of the Islamic financial industry, playing an important role in mobilizing funding and interaction resources for various actors and investment projects. In addition, the sukuk market as the most popular and sophisticated financial market continues to grow, now constituting a very important source of funds and capital for many governments and companies. The recent development and research on Islamic bonds have shown the importance of this instrument as an alternative to conventional bonds. The objective of this paper is to empirically test the impact of sukuk on the economic growth of Malaysia and Bahrain between 2001-2018. The data were obtained using Bloomberg and World Bank Database. Our results show a positive impact of sukuk on economic growth.

This research focuses on the role of village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) in supporting village economic independence. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a type of library research. Source of data comes from documents. The data analysis technique used is Miles and Hubermans interactive model analysis, namely reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The research used is an approach method with descriptive analytical research specific ations. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study show that the form of BUMDes accountability for CSR management provided by the company through the Village APB is that BUMDes as recipients of CSR funds are responsible to the Village Government as a channel for CSR funds channeled through the Village APB, and henceforth the Village Government is responsible for the company providing the funds. The CSR is for BUMDes through the Village Government.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of government spending in the health sector, on economic growth in Indonesia during the period 1990-2021 to provide policy advice to the Indonesian government. The country was chosen as an object taking account that the economy has grown impressively and contributed to the global economy. A brief overview of the policies developed during the research period is presented to provide insight into the policies taken by the government. The data in this study is time series data from 1990 to 2021. Hypothesis testing using linear regression method with Eviews 10. This research has proven variable health expenditure during the period 1990 to 20 21 shows that it has an insignificant influence on economic growth. The existence of limitations in the time series data causes perfect testing cannot be fulfilled.

The desire to earn profit is one of the forms of business established by a company. Profit plays an important role for the company because profit is one of the indicators to evaluate the company’s performance and help investors in making investment decisions. Investors generally do not focus too much on management in obtaining their company’s profit. This makes management try to practice earnings management so that the company’s financial statements look good and are able to influence investor perceptions. Currently, there has been a shift in the application of accrual earnings management to real earnings management because to avoid company losses during accounting period, to avoid investigations conducted by auditors when conducting the company’s annual audit. This study aims to test and analyst the effect of opportunistic behavior, board gender diversity, financial distress, audit quality, and political connections on real earnings management. This study is quantitative research with hypothesis testing. The type of data used is the company’s annual report. The object of study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021. The data collection method is documentation. The samples used in this study were 160 manufacturing companies selected using purpose sampling technique. The results showed that the more diverse the board of directors, the tendency of management to perform real earnings management techniques proxied by abnormal cash flow, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary costs is getting smaller; the higher the financial distress, the tendency of management to perform real earnings management techniques both proxied by abnormal operating cash flow, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary costs is increasing; the more management behaves opportunistically, the tendency of management to perform real earnings management techniques proxied by abnormal operating cash flow is higher; the higher the audit quality, the tendency of management to perform low real earnings management both proxied by abnormal operating cash flow, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary costs; the higher the political connections built, the lower the tendency of management to perform real earnings management techniques proxied by abnormal operating cash flow, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary costs.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the financial performance achievements of Internet and Telecommunication Infrastructure Providers in 2019-2021 using a financial ratio calculation tool listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is a research design using a quantitative approach. The type of datausedis secondary data, while the data source is obtained through the website www.idx.co.id. In this study, purposive sampling was conducted as many as 5 Internet and Telecommunication Infrastructure Providers for the Year 2019-2021 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used in this study is financial performance, while the independent variables in this study are the ratio of liquidity, activity, solvency and profitability. The results of the analysis show that viewed from 3 years and from the ratio of liquidity, activity, solvency and profitability consisting of (Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Inventory Turn Over, Total Asset Turn Over, Debt To Asset Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio , Net Profit Margin , Return On Assets and Return On Equity). In the liquidity ratio and the best company activity ratio is PT Indosat Tbk, while the best Solvency and Profitability ratio is PT. Gihon Telecommunications Tbk.

This study aims to analyze the effect of company size, business risk, profitability, liquidity, and asset structure on debt policy in automotive industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2020 period. Of the 13 issuers, a sample of 9 issuers was taken. This research method uses a quantitative approach and multiple linear regression data analysis using the SPSS version 21 program. Hypothesis testing uses the t test (partial) and the f test (simultaneous). The results of this study indicate that individually or partially the variables of firm size, profitability, and asset structure have an effect on debt policy, while business risk and liquidity variables have no significant effect on debt policy in industrial companies in the automotive sector. Company size, business risk, profitability, liquidity, and asset structure affect the debt policy of industrial companies in the automotive sector.

As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian economy has been severely affected. Surabaya citys economy contracted by -4.85% in 2020 and by 2021 it grew to 4.29%. Surabayas poverty rate in 2021 is 5.23%, or 152,489, an increase of just 5.02% from 2020. As a result, household consumption, the mainstay of the economy, slowed significantly, impacting various performance sectors. Fiscal welfare is important for governments to accelerate economic recovery. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of financial management on financial literacy, financial awareness, income, financial behavior, and financial inclusion of Surabaya families. This study used a quantitative method with a simple random sampling method. This study uses primary data through the distribution of questionnaires. The data analysis used in this study is partial least squares (PLS). The results of this study show that financial literacy has a significant and positive effect on financial behavior, financial literacy has a significant and positive effect on financial inclusion, financial literacy has no significant effect on financial well-being, and financial perceptions has no significant effect on financial well-being. Financial behavior, Financial perceptions have a significant positive impact on financial inclusion, Financial perceptions have no significant impact on financial well-being, Income has a significant positive impact on financial behavior, Income has a significant positive impact on financial inclusion Affects positively, income does not have a significant impact on financial well-being. In addition, financial activity brings income from financial well-being. Financial behavior, on the other hand, cannot mediate the impact of financial literacy and financial awareness on financial well-being. Also, financial inclusion cannot communicate the impact of financial literacy, financial awareness, or income on financial well-being.

In the 21st Century businesses have maximized the opportunities of media advertising to communicate their products and services to customers. As time progressedadvertising firms preferred applying traditional strategies to clients advertisements such as celebrity endorsements, telemarketing, and print media. Small and medium-sized enterprises or SMEs, have a significant role in most economies. With these businesses having several employees below a certain threshold and a limited budget, some SMEs set themselves apart from competitors by using unique and creative strategies commonly called Guerrilla Marketing. Through a mixed-method approach the researchers determined the effects of Guerrilla Marketing on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Metro Manila. The researchers deployed questionnaires to 385 respondents and an online interview with 13 employees. The results of this study shall contribute to the body of knowledge of businesses more particularly SMEs, on whether it is beneficial for them to adopt such marketing strategies.

Along with the rapid development of technology coupled with the Covid-19 pandemic the internet has become an important necessity and has made mobile banking such as Bank Mandiri mobile banking (Livin by Mandiri) increasingly popular because of its efficiency. This research is conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of Reliability Privacy and Security, Website Design, Customer Service and Support and Satisfaction on Loyalty of Livin’ by Mandiri users in Medan. With the results of the analysis of the research that has been done. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for Bank Mandiri to consider the existing variables as the main key to getting customer loyalty. This is a causal research that used quantitative as a research method with data processing using AMOS 22.0. Collecting data through questionnaires by collecting 125 respondents from Mandiri mobile banking users in Medan. Results of this research shows that reliability, privacy and security, website design, and customer service and support have no signifikan effect towards loyalty reliability, privacy and security, and website design have no significant effect towards satisfaction. While customer service and support has significant effect towards satisfaction and satisfaction have significant effect towards loyalty.

Credit market research generally focuses on business loans, while households are generally viewed as providers of funds rather than debtors. However, the household credit market transfers resources from households in temporary surplus to those in temporary deficit. Generally, young people are burdened with student loans during their studies and after graduation. Once they started working, their needs for transportation and independent housing increases, leading to more loan commitments and increasing the possibility of over-indebtedness. Some households have accumulated too much debt as they are unaware of the consequences of their own financial choices, while others have been forced into debt due to unfortunate life events. According to the literature, an excessive level of indebtedness leads households to fall into poverty. Hence, this study aims to highlight the severity of household over-indebtedness in Malaysia and to propose a model based on a crowdfunding platform combining Cashwaqf and Qard Hasan to reduce this phenomenon. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, by undertaking a metaanalysis of comprehensive secondary data obtained from reports of the relevant agency, namely the Credit Counseling and Debt Management Agency (AKPK) and literature. Several recommendations and suggestions have been put forward in efforts to raise awareness among households and encourage Islamic social finance actors to include this social issue in their development programs.

This study aims to analyze the problems and constraints of Unesas business incubator (PIBT) implementation in university startup assistance and to formulate Unesas business incubator strengthening strategy in university startup assistance. This study uses a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data collection used questionnaires to the university academic community (Unesa) and in-depth interviews with several key persons who understand the development of university startups and business incubators. The study results show that the implementation of assistance for university startups (Unesa) is not optimal because there are still a few in the academic community who have the awareness to make efforts to commercialize their innovative products or conduct research toward product commercialization. For incubators, various reinforcements are needed to assist tenants and implement pre-incubation and incubation. Strengthening agencies in providing higher education startup assistance, such as coaching (BMC, Business Plan

The informal economy is an integral part of a larger economic landscape. Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) informality is attributed to government regulation, a lack of finance, and a lack of access to land, so they do not see the need to formalize. The primary goal of the study was to assess the informal sectors business registration patterns: nature and size among MSMEs in Lusaka. The studys objectives were: to describe the size and nature of businesses in the informal sector not registered with PACRA, to assess the efficacy of the policy framework designed by the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises to stir the growth of entrepreneurship in Zambia and to determine the business registration patterns and reason (s) why some of those MSMEs have registered their businesses. A descriptive study was conducted with a sample size of 153. The sampling techniques used were purposive and snowball methods. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and the questionnaire return rate was 82%. The study findings were that out of the 125 respondents, 58% were registered with PACRA and only 42% were not. The high number of MSMEs reflect the size of informality. Most businesses that were not registered mainly operated in non-specialized wholesale and retail trade. The study findings also revealed that the Ministry of Medium and Small-Scale Enterprise Development had not completed the process of finalizing policy frameworks aimed at strengthening the growth of entrepreneurship in Zambia. The other study findings were that most MSME’s registered their businesses mainly because it was a legal requirement. This was attributed to increased public awareness as a result of the passage of the Business Regulatory Act No. 3 of 2014. Lastly, the study was also able to identify a significant trend in the registration pattern of MSMEs in Lusaka. There has been an increase in the number of registrations in the transport sector, while the wholesale and retail trade, agriculture, fishing and construction continue to top the trends. MSME registration helps to access business support services, meeting legal requirements, and promoting business growth. The MCTI should use the findings of this study to map formally registered businesses, track their growth, and enroll them in business accelerator programs.

Due to fixed interest and fixed income, bonds are considered excluded in the Islamic financial system.

Marketing strategy is marketing goods or services to increase profits and sales. UMKM Wahyu Barokah is a business that processes curcuma Plants to produce Temulawak drinks that are beneficial to health. Wahyu Barokah is a production that experienced limited sales and marketing instability. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the marketing mix strategy for temulawak drink and (2) to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors for marketing curcuma drink products. This study is conducted at UMKM Wahyu Barokahwhich, located in Panjang Jiwo street alley Tembusan No. 5 RT. 04 RW. 02, Tenggilis Mejoyo District, Surabaya City. This research is qualitative research using the SWOT method, collecting data using interview and observation techniques with a sample of business owners. The results showed that the marketing mix strategy played an important role in increasing sales of temulawak beverage products. Marketing supporting and inhibiting factors help plan future marketing strategies.

This study aims to analyse the effect of demonstration events on abnormal returns. The literature shows that demonstration events have information content that can influence investors in the capital market. Therefore, investors in the capital market will react after the information is received. Demonstration events are risks closely related to negative signals influencing investors’ decisions in the capital market. The country’s situation, which was currently in turmoil due to continuous and chaotic demonstrations, greatly affected the state of the country’s economy. The research sample is a company listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. The analysis results show that the days around the date of the demonstration against the Job Creation Law affect abnormal returns. Furthermore, the results of a comparative analysis between demonstration events show that demonstrations highlighting the scarcity of cooking oil and rising cooking oil prices, rising fuel prices, and increasing VAT rates at almost the same time have the highest impact on abnormal returns compared to other demonstration events. This study expands the literature on capital markets by analysing the influence of demonstration events that have broad social and economic impacts on abnormal returns in capital markets in developing countries.

Impact the Corona Virus Disease (covid-19) pandemic has reduced the stability of the world economy. One of the most common phenomena is the decline in employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of this study includes 27 articles that discuss employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic and the phenomena work from home with an observation period of 2020 to 2022. The study was carried out by classifying articles based on research topics (antecedents and consequences), year of publication, methods used in research (analytical and survey), research sample, the field of science, the country where the research was conducted and the researcher tries to classify based on the factors that affect the performance itself. The results show that the antecedent is the most dominating topic, which has a percentage of 89% of the total articles studied. The year 2021 is when the most studies on employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic are conducted, which is 56%, and the most widely used research method is the survey method, which is 96%. Articles that use a sample of employees at the employee level (employees) are 25 articles, while articles that use a sample of employees at the manager level are only two articles. The grouping based on the field of science that most raised the theme of employee performance during the COVID-19 pandemic was in the area of Economics, which was 70%, then the field of tourism at 15% and medicine at 7%. Then the countries that have an interest in conducting research on employee performance issues during the COVID-19 pandemic are India (26%), Indonesia (19%) and the United States (15%). In addition, the factors affecting employee performance during the covid-19 pandemic mostly come from psychological factors (45%) and factors originating from the organization where the employee works (42%).